Learn > National 5 Computing Science > Computer Systems > Computer Structure > Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is often called the brain of the computer. Every computer, from desktops and laptops to smartphones and games consoles, has a CPU.

It’s in charge of processing data and carrying out instructions, making sure everything in the system runs smoothly.

The CPU has three main parts:

  • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – Handles calculations and logic.

  • Control Unit – Directs the flow of data and instructions.

  • Registers – Tiny, super-fast storage locations for data being used right now.

You’ll explore each part in more detail on the next pages.

National 5 Target

You should be able to explain the role of the Central Processing Unit.

Button TextButton Text